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第一章 路由器配置和文件管理

1.1 通過TFTP來配置路由器

提問：使用TFTP來加載路由器的配置文件

回答：

Router1#copy tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG running-congfig

Destination filename [running-config]?<enter>

Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG...

Loading NEWCONFIG from 172.25.1.1 (via FastEthernet0/0.1): !

[OK - 24 bytes]

24 bytes copied in 0.192 secs (125 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注釋 IOS12.0 版本以前使用的configure network命令，另外拷貝至路由器的配置文件應(yīng)該以End結(jié)尾，否則會出現(xiàn)下面的錯(cuò)誤提示信息：%PASER-4-BADCFG: Unexpected end of configuration file.

1.2 保存路由器配置到服務(wù)器

提問：保存路由器當(dāng)前配置文件到TFTP服務(wù)器作為備份

回答：

Freebsd% touch /tftpboot/router1-confg

Freebsd% chmod 666 /tftpboot/routerl-config

Freebsd% telnet Router1

Trying 172.25.1.5...

Connected to Routerl.

Escape character is '`]'.

User Access Verification

Password:<vtypassword>

Routerl>enable

Password:<enablepassword>

Router1#copy running-config tftp://172.25.1.1/router1-confg

Address or name of remote host [172.25.1.1]?<enter>

Destination filename [router1-confg]?<enter>

!!!

9640 bytes copied in 3.956 secs (2437 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注釋：確保TFTP服務(wù)器上的目錄和文件可寫

1.3 使用遠(yuǎn)端配置文件啟動(dòng)路由器

提問：使用另外的配置文件來啟動(dòng)路由器

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#service config

Router1(config)#boot network tftp Network-auto 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#boot host tftp Router8-auto 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注釋：service config缺省是關(guān)閉的，如果打開缺省會去查找的文件名為network-config,cisconet.cfg,router1-confg,router1.cfg等

1.4 保存大于NVRAM大小的配置文件

提問：配置文件過大，超過了可用的NVRAM大小

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#service compress-config

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注釋：可以使用show startup-config來驗(yàn)證

Router1#show starup-config

Using 5068 out of 29688 bytes,uncompressed size = 9969 bytes

Uncompressed configuration from 5068 bytes to 9969 bytes

1.5 清除啟動(dòng)配置文件

Router1#erase nvram: (erase starup-config)

Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] <enter>

[OK]

Erase of nvram: complete

Router1#reload

System configuration has been modified.Save?[yes/no]:no

Proceed with reload? [confirm] <enter>

注釋：無

1.6 加載新的IOS鏡像

提問：升級當(dāng)前的IOS

回答：

Router1#copy tfty://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin flash:

Destination filename [c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin]?<enter>

Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin...

Erase flash:before copying?[confirm]<enter>

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue?[confirm]<enter>

Erasing device...eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee...erased

Erase of flash:complete

Loading c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin from 172.25.1.1(via FastEthernet0/0.1):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OK - 11135588 bytes]

Verifying chechsum... OK (0xE643)

11135588 bytes copied in 82.236 secs (135410 bytes/sec)

Router1# reload

Proceed with reload?[confirm]<enter>

注釋：無

1.7 以另一個(gè)IOS鏡像文件啟動(dòng)

提問：使用其它的IOS鏡像啟動(dòng)

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jk9o3s-mz.122-7a.bin

Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jos56i-l.120-11.bin

Router1(config)#boot system slot0:c3620-ik9s-mz.122-13.bin

Router1(config)#boot system rom

Router1(config)#end

注釋：boot system命令的順序非常重要，如果使用新的IOS，建議先進(jìn)行no boot system的操作。從IOS12.3(4)T后思科引入了boot markers的概念，所有的boot system 命令都會放在boot markers 之間，比如：

Router1#show running-config | include `boot

boot-start-marker

boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-6.T.bin

boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-7.bin

boot system flash:

boot-end-marker

Router1#

1.8 通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)

提問：IOS太大本地Flash無法保存，使用保存在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的IOS啟動(dòng)

回答：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands,one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#boot system tftp c2500-io-l.122-7a.bin 172.25.1.1

Router1(config)#boot system flash

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注釋：無

1.9 拷貝IOS鏡像文件到服務(wù)器

提問：保存一份IOS到TFTP服務(wù)器作為備份

回答：

Freebsd% touch /tftpboot/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122.12a.bin

Freebsd% chmod 666 /tftpboot/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin

Freebsd% telnet Router1

Trying 172.25.1.5...

Connected to Router1.

User Access Verification

Password:<vtypassword>

Router1>enable

Password:<enablepassword>

Router1#copy flash:c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin tftp

Address or name of remote host []?172.25.1.1

Destination filename [c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin]?<enter>

!!!!!!

11135588 bytes copied in 52.588 secs (211752 bytes/sec)

Router1#

注釋

1.10 通過控制臺口拷貝IOS鏡像文件

提問：通過控制臺口和AUX端口來加載IOS

回答：

Router1#copy xmodem:slot1:

                                     ****WARNING****

x/ymodem is a slow transfer protocol limited to the current speed

setting of the auxiliary/console ports.The use of the auxilary

port for this download is strongly recommended.

During the course of the download no exec input/output will be

available.

                         ------------**********--------------